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Malta - Annual Report 2007

Fiscal policy is the only short-term countercyclical instrument available since Malta joined the eurozone, said Michael Bonello, the governor of the Central Bank of Malta, in the latest Annual Report.

Turkey: past FX intervention worked

Direct foreign-exchange market interventions carried by the Central Bank of Turkey between 2002 and 2005 led to a fall in predicted volatility in the foreign-exchange market, a new paper from the central bank finds.

Real exchange rates and monetary policy

Reserve Bank of Australia, the Bank of Canada and the Bank of England pay close attention to real exchange-rate movements, while the Reserve Bank of New Zealand does not, new research from the Bank of Canada finds.

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