The Americas
Richer nations less likely to have central banks as sole macro-pru authority
Respondents from lower-middle income countries more likely to be only macro-prudential body
Central bank boards often used for stability decisions
Institutions from high income countries most likely to give stability remit to boards
BIS report highlights challenge of modelling green reserve portfolios
Survey of central banks finds legal mandates and liquidity make green reserves management difficult
Is the US heading for stagflation?
US academics weigh up the risks – and whether the Fed can avoid the worst outcomes
Blanchard and Summers clash with Fed over soft landing
Economists challenge Fed view that fall in vacancies can save US from mass unemployment
Powell divests municipal bond holdings
Fed chair acted early to comply in with new ethics code at Federal Reserve
Larry Summers says Fed suffers from dangerous groupthink
Former Treasury secretary argues a massive recession is needed to combat inflation
IMF says US faces hard balancing act
Excessive tightening by the Fed could cause negative spillovers for global economy, fund warns
US experts believe inflation will fall, eventually
CPI inflation surges above consensus forecasts, but economists expect a turning point soon
FOMC ready to tighten policy further, minutes show
Members worried about inflation becoming entrenched but see some signs of pressures easing
Monetary policy set a maximum of 12 times a year
Frequency of meetings highest on average in upper-middle income economies
Monetary policy press conferences more common than minutes
High income institutions trail behind middle income banks on minutes publication
Monetary policy and ops divisions mostly segmented
Nine in 10 institutions separate units in the Americas, Asia and Europe
US citizen pleads guilty to selling technology to Iranian central bank
Defendant faces jail after using UAE shell companies to skirt US national security law
Covid impacting monetary policy most in middle income countries
Most central banks report shifting stance at the height of pandemic, but some have since reverted
Costa Rican central bank raises rates to highest level since 2011
Board also orders increase in reserve requirements from July as inflation remains over target
Non-bank access to RTGS systems still rare
Only a handful of central banks allow non-bank users
High income countries have larger share of staff devoted to payments
Structure of central banks’ payments sections differs across institutions
Less than 10% of RTGS systems meet ISO 20022
Most non-compliant central banks plan to implement messaging protocol by 2025