Appendix 3: Reserve statistics

Robert Pringle and Joasia E. Popowicz

Contents

Executive summary

Trends in reserve management: 2025 survey results

Fiscal divergence and its implications for reserve managers

Foreign direct investment inflows and FDI screening policies

Interview: Juliusz Jabłecki

Is the central bank gold rush over?

Market sentiment analysis in reserve management

Appendix 1: Survey questionnaire

Appendix 2: Survey responses and comments

Appendix 3: Reserve statistics

Table 1: Central bank reserve holdings by country, 2015–24

Table 2: Top 100 central bank reserve holdings by value, 2015–24

Figure 1: Currency composition of global foreign exchange reserves, Q4 2024

Central bank reserve holdings in Table 1 and Table 2 were calculated by adding the International Monetary Fund’s Total reserves excluding gold and Gold holdings at national valuation datasets.

Source: IMF International financial statistics and Currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves (Cofer) databases.

Only users who have a paid subscription or are part of a corporate subscription are able to print or copy content.

To access these options, along with all other subscription benefits, please contact info@centralbanking.com or view our subscription options here: subscriptions.centralbanking.com/subscribe

You are currently unable to print this content. Please contact info@centralbanking.com to find out more.

You are currently unable to copy this content. Please contact info@centralbanking.com to find out more.

As outlined in our terms and conditions, https://www.infopro-digital.com/terms-and-conditions/subscriptions/ (point 2.4), printing is limited to a single copy.

If you would like to purchase additional rights please email info@centralbanking.com test test test

You may share this content using our article tools. As outlined in our terms and conditions, https://www.infopro-digital.com/terms-and-conditions/subscriptions/ (clause 2.4), an Authorised User may only make one copy of the materials for their own personal use. You must also comply with the restrictions in clause 2.5.

If you would like to purchase additional rights please email info@centralbanking.com test test test