Deep learning models are ‘fragile’, BoE paper finds

Deep learning models are “fragile” and could create serious risks at financial firms that use them, a working paper published by the Bank of England finds.

The team of researchers – from the BoE, Reserve Bank of Australia and University College London – study not only the predictions of deep learning models but also explanations of how each model arrives at particular results. Deep learning is a form of artificial intelligence that uses models structured into multiple layers.

The authors find