Commentary
Most central banks say they have enough financial stability staff
Some face problems including lack of resources, uncompetitive salaries and complex training needs
Advanced economies more likely to publish minutes
Average central bank publishes minutes around two weeks after a policy decision
Proportion of central banks observing blackout period rises
AE respondents remain much more likely to employ the practice
Monetary policy press conferences held four times a year on average
Minority of central banks say they organise zero press conferences
Central banks average four forecast updates a year
Final decision on projections jointly taken by policy-makers and staff in most jurisdictions
Monetary policy staff numbers average below 40
European institutions and advanced economy central banks tend to have highest number of staff
Inflation targeters tend to pay monetary policy staff more
Salaries tend to rise with GDP per capita but less developed economies pay larger multiples
Confidentiality of policy votes remains common practice
Proportion of central banks revealing voting information with a lag creeps up
Monetary policy reports usually published four times annually
Institutions from Africa tend to release fewer publications
Advanced economies most likely to survey trust and understanding
Data shows differences in how central banks judge the effectiveness of monetary policy
Treasury officials more likely to serve on advanced economy MPCs
Monetary policy committees or boards comprise 8.2 people on average globally
Use of asset purchase programmes for monetary policy wanes
Additional central banks end scheme, as more institutions forecast decrease
Few central banks brief fiscal authorities on monetary decisions
But practice is more common in institutions from the Americas
Corridor systems most used to set monetary policy
Floor systems less popular overall but widely used with asset purchase programmes
Debt issuance powers remain key attribute of most central banks
Proportion of non-debt issuing institutions narrows year-on-year to 6%
Median RTGS system processes nearly $100bn annually
Median value of payments rose by $15bn from the previous benchmark
Primary RTGS systems have average $1.65m in operating costs
Majority of central banks increased payments system divisions budgets in the past year
Payments oversight is under-resourced for a third of central banks
Respondents identify shortage of human capital, capacity building and dated technology as concerns
Few non-banks have access to RTGS systems
Maximum number of institutions reported to have access to one RTGS system was 233
Most central banks have payment and settlement supervision mandates
Payment system laws contain oversight powers in two-thirds of jurisdictions
Payment ecosystems remain relatively unchanged over past year
Most central banks help price RTGS services and many do for credit transfers and direct debits
Central banks report having one to three RTGS contingency sites
Most central banks experienced a high-value payment system outage in the last year
ISO 20022 payments messaging adoption rate increases
Majority of central banks uphold plans to transition by 2025