Some central banks report pressure to change monetary policy
Central banks mention financial and political factors impacting independence
Around 15% of central banks have faced pressure to change monetary policy or have other concerns about their independence, the Governance Benchmarks 2025 find.
Most governors and other top executives of central banks regularly explain their decisions before an external body. This true of 77.8% of central banks that responded to the benchmarks. Such accountability is an important part of central bank transparency, but in some cases, external bodies exert power that may threaten a bank’s
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