Articles by Central Banking staff
Advanced economy institutions tend to produce more papers
Emerging market researchers averaged five papers a year in peer-reviewed journals
Gambia’s central bank hacked
Server compromised but ‘mission-critical’ systems operational
Research agenda determined across multiple levels
Governors and deputy governors give final sign-off on most research publications
Currency Benchmarks 2022 report – executive summary
Cash far from extinct and volumes continue to grow in many places
Majority of banks blend research and policy functions
Only one in five jurisdictions restructured economics unit in the past 12 months
Financial Stability 2022 – presentation
Subject specialist Dan Hardie speaks with Christopher Jeffery about financial crime, regulating banks and non-banks, macro-prudential regulation, and decision-making and staffing
Growth and inflation are top forecast indicators
More emerging markets forecast growth and inflation compared with the past year
Currency Benchmarks 2022 charts
Take a deep dive into the Currency Benchmarks charts, which have just been released for 2022
Banknote volumes and values rose among most central banks
Most recent estimates show volume and value of circulating notes rising in 2022
Banks receive widely varying volumes of damaged cash
Central banks share data on values and volumes of mutilated currency
Most jurisdictions have not withdrawn denominations in past five years
Thirty-two central banks have an average of six denominations in circulation
Fed might make smaller rate hikes, says Susan Collins
Boston Fed president hopes FOMC can cut inflation with “relatively modest” unemployment
Central bank boards most often make decisions on banknote imagery
Banknotes image types vary from recognised figures to natural phenomena
Majority of central banks have access-to-cash policies
More than two-fifths require a minimum level of cash services from banks
Counterfeit banknotes removed from circulation average $425,000
UV ink and intaglio printing are most common security features
Banknotes generally have at least one aid for visually impaired
Raised inks are most common feature, followed by making denominations different sizes
Few central banks use big data tools to forecast currency demand
Forecasting is very common, while few expect big changes in currency needs for 2023
US consumers may be listening more to Fed comms, researchers say
Consumer expectations becoming more informative and less sticky, survey data suggests
Banknote contagion measures reduced in 2022
Participating institutions say coronavirus has shaped currency demand
Paper-based banknotes still outnumber polymer substrates
Most banks do not plan adoption of new substrates
Cash usage drops further to an average of 42.5% across jurisdictions
Just one African institution and a European jurisdiction experience growth in cash payments
Fewer central banks report climate strategy
Incineration still most common practice among institutions recycling banknotes
Central banks have fewer cash distribution centres on average
However, some have added processing facilities in last five years
Most central banks do not own their own printworks
Fewer than a quarter report operating printing plants and two-thirds say they outsource