Agent-based models: a new frontier for macroeconomics?

Agent-based modelling is still struggling to move from sidelines to mainstream

Starlings
Murmurations of starlings move in a similar way to computer-simulated ‘boids’
The separation rule in a simple boid

In 1986, Craig Reynolds was thinking about birds. Many bird species, famously starlings, form swarm-like groups – murmurations – that have remarkable cohesion and move with what looks from the outside like singular purpose. Biologists were still struggling to explain the phenomenon. Some thought there might be a ‘leader’ bird, which humans couldn’t pick out, but which was obvious to its flockmates.

Reynolds is an animator and

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