The European Central Bank should change its swap lines and European Union states should issue more safe debt if they want to increase offshore use of the euro, new research suggests.

The authors – Jens van’t Klooster, assistant professor of political economy at the University of Amsterdam’s political science department, and Steffen Murau, a post-doctoral fellow at Boston University – say there are three reasons why international use of the single currency is scarcely greater than that of the