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CBDC or fast payments can break up ‘walled gardens’ – BIS paper

Study of ‘competing digital monies’ finds public system could prevent fragmentation and rent-seeking

Network

New forms of money could lead to the creation of “walled gardens” unless a public payment system ensures interoperability, research published by the Bank for International Settlements finds.

The authors of the working paper – Jon Frost, Jean-Charles Rochet, Hyun Song Shin and Marianne Verdier – build a two-sided market model, where consumers and merchants are connected by intermediaries such as banks or non-bank payment providers.

The model enables the authors to explore the interactions between

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