EU members are ‘growing apart' not growing together, paper finds

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A paper published this week by the Bank of Finland identifies "at least seven" groups of countries in the European Union (EU) with different growth dynamics, providing, according to the authors, "awkward implications for policy, particularly for those who thought that simply having a union would draw countries closer together".

In Is Europe growing together or growing apart?, Patrick Crowley, Enrique Garcia and Chee-Heong Quah claim to go "beyond the traditional convergence literature" to look

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