Governance Benchmarks 2025 – model banks analysis
Data breakdown highlights independence pressures, capital frameworks and staffing challenges
The Governance Benchmarks 2025 include additional data on the types of pressures on central bank independence, as well as legal protections for governors and more detail on capital frameworks.
The model banks analysis breaks the data down further, separating central banks based on their economic group and size relative to the global median number of total staff.
Several patterns stand out. On governors’ terms, a two-term limit is common worldwide, though most likely to be found in advanced
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More on Governance
Governance Benchmarks 2025 – executive summary
Data shows strong independence with threats in some areas, and sheds light on staffing, mandates and more
Governance Benchmarks 2025 report – independence amid turbulence
Benchmarks highlight pressures on independence but most say protections are sufficient
Central banks report high levels of independence
Institutions across regions and income groups report significant autonomy from political interference
Salary still poses greatest challenge for recruitment
Staff morale constitutes lowest constraint but is a concern for some central banks
Governance Benchmarks 2025 Charts
Take a deep dive into the Governance Benchmarks charts, which have just been released for 2025.
Over 40% of central banks lack formal recapitalisation agreement
Ten banks were recapitalised in the past year
Some central banks report pressure to change monetary policy
Central banks mention financial and political factors impacting independence
One in five central banks pays unrealised gains to government
Most central banks have a formal agreement in place for sharing profits with government