The Reserve Benchmarks 2025 benefit from the largest sample size in the benchmarks to date: 81 central banks supplied data. This supports a detailed look at how different central bank cohorts approach their reserves management.

Some patterns echo the general theme across benchmarks; central banks in higher income groups, and with larger total staff numbers, tend to employ more reserves specialists. But some patterns within groups stand out – for example, smaller advanced economy (AE) banks have