Optimal reserve levels in emerging markets

The International Monetary Fund Working Paper "The optimal level of international reserves for emerging market countries: Formulas and applications" presents a model of the optimal level of international reserves for a small open economy that is vulnerable to sudden stops in capital flows.

Reserves allow the country to smooth domestic absorption in response to sudden stops, but yield a lower return than the interest rate on the country's long-term debt. We derive a formula for the optimal level

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